هل تبحث عن مقالة (ايسي essay) باللغة الانجليزية وتحتاج إلى استعمالها في القسم أو المدرسة أو الجامعة؟ هذه الايسي essay سوف تفيدك كثيرا, لأنها نموذج مثالي للمقالة التي كتبت حسب منهجية صحيحة, تحتوي هذه المقالة essay على معلومات مهمة, كما أنها تفيدك في كتابة مقالتك الخاصة عن, كما أن هذه المقالة قد كتبت بطريقة تتبع سهلة ومنهجية رائعة تساعد على اكتساب وتعلم اللغة الانجليزية.
Vaginal birth
Because humans are bipedal with an erect stance and have, in relation to the size of the pelvis, the biggest head of any mammalian species, human fetuses and human female pelvises are adapted to make birth possible.
The erect posture causes the weight of the abdominal contents to thrust on the pelvic floor, a complex structure which must not only support this weight but allow three channels to pass through it: the urethra, the vagina and the rectum. The head and shoulders require a specific sequence of maneuvers to occur for the bony head and shoulders to pass through the bony ring of the pelvis.
Six phases:
Engagement of the fetal head in the transverse position. The baby's head is facing across the pelvis at one or other of the mother's hips.
Descent and flexion of the fetal head.
Internal rotation. The fetal head rotates 90 degrees to the occipito-anterior position so that the baby's face is towards the mother's rectum.
Delivery by extension. The fetal head passes out of the birth canal. Its head is tilted forwards so that the crown of its head leads the way through the vagina.
Restitution. The fetal head turns through 45 degrees to restore its normal relationship with the shoulders, which are still at an angle.
External rotation. The shoulders repeat the corkscrew movements of the head, which can be seen in the final movements of the fetal head.
The fetal head may temporarily change shape substantially (becoming more elongated) as it moves through the birth canal. This change in the shape of the fetal head is called molding and is much more prominent in women having their first vaginal delivery.[7]
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